PROCESSO MIGRATÓRIO, IDENTIDADE E TRABALHO ACADÊMICO DE UM GRUPO DE CIENTISTAS DA EX-URSS NO MÉXICO
Palavras-chave:
científicos de la URSS, proceso migratorio, identidad académica, MéxicoResumo
O artigo mostra as tensões que o processo de migração originou na identidade acadêmica dos pesquisadores que nasceram, socializaram, treinaram e trabalharam na antiga URSS e migraram para o México na década de 1990. E as formas em que eles gerenciaram e resolveram essas tensões são mostradas. A abordagem biográfica foi utilizada, através da história da vida, realizando entrevistas semi estruturadas. Os resultados mostram que as tensões foram refletidas em suas práticas de ensino e pesquisa, que tiveram mudanças, mas também mantiveram certas características de continuidade. Ambas as práticas não são mais soviéticas, nem mexicanas, agora aparecem como um híbrido, onde os elementos de uma e outra cultura acadêmica originaram um terço, o que representa uma mistura poderosa em que os cientistas enriqueceram suas próprias práticas de pesquisa e ensino, bem como a própria comunidade acadêmica.
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Referências
BERTAUX, Daniel (1993), “La perspectiva biográfica: validez metodológica y potencialidades” (149-171). En: José Miguel Marinas y Cristina Santamarina (eds.), La historia Oral: métodos y experiencias. Madrid: Editorial Debate.
BERTAUX, Daniel (2005), Los relatos de vida. Perspectiva etnosociológica. Barcelona: Bellaterra.
CAMILLERI, Carmel (1999), “Identité et gestión de la disparité culturelle: essai d´une typologie” (85-110). En: Carmel Camilleri, Joseph Kastersztein, Edmond Marc Lipiansky, Hanna Malewska-Peyre, Isabelle Taboada-Leonetti y Ana Vasquez (eds.), Stratégies identitaires. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
DUBAR, Claude (2002), La crisis de las identidades. La interpretación de una mutación. Barcelona: Ediciones Balleterra.
FORTES, Jacqueline y Larissa LOMNITZ (1991), La formación del científico en México. Adquiriendo una nueva identidad. México: Siglo XXI.
GANGULI, Ina (2014), “Scientific Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation after the End of the Soviet Union”, International Migration, vol. 52, pp. 95”“110.
GENOV, Nikolai (2007), Brain Drain from Eastern Europe? What We Know About and What Not? Workshop EU Enlargement and the Labor Markets, Bonn, September 7-8, pp. 1-13.
GOGOL, Nikolay y Valeri KUCHEROV (1994), “Rusia: la ciencia está mal pero… los científicos no se apresuran a emigrar”, Ciencia y Desarrollo CONACyT, vol. XX, Núm. 115, pp.88-90.
GOKHBERG, Leonid y Elena NEKIPELOVA (2002), “International Migrations of Scientists and Engineers in Russia”, International Mobility of the Highly Skilled, Paris: OCDE, pp. 177-187.
GRAHAM, Loren (1998), What Have We Learned About Science and Technology From the Russian Experience? Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
GRAHAM, Loren e Irina DEZHINA (2008), Science in the New Russia. Crisis, Aid, Reform. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
IVAKHNYUK, Irina (2006), “Brain Drain from Russia: in Search for a Solution”, Reports and Analyses vol.15, Núm. 06, pp. 1-14.
AUTOR/A
KASTERSZTEIN, Joseph (1999), “Les stratégies identitaries des acteurs sociaux: aproche dynamique des finalités” (27-41). En: Carmel Camilleri, Joseph Kastersztein, Edmond Marc Lipiansky, Hanna Malewska-Peyre, Isabelle Taboada-Leonetti y Ana Vasquez, Stratégies identitaires. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
KOJEVNIKOV, Alexei (2004), Stalin’s Great science. The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists. London: Imperial College Press.
KUDIMOV, Yuriy (1992), “Russian Physicists Working in Latin America”, Novoye Vremya, Núm. 9, pp. 26-27.
LATOVA, Natalia y Vladimir SAVINKOV (2012), “The Influence of Academic Migration on the Intellectual Potential of Russia”, European Journal of Education, vol. 47, Núm. 1, pp. 64-76.
MASSERONI, Susana y Cecilia FRAGA (2014), “Migración hacia América Latina: el caso de Argentina” (259-280). En: Susana Masseroni y Cristina Pizzonia (Coords.), De la ex URSS hacia todos los lugares. Distintas dimensiones del proceso migratorio: países de origen y de destino. México: UAM.
MINDELI, Levan (s/f) Russian R&D in Transition. Recuperado de www.redhucyt.oas.org/ricyt/interior/biblioteca/mindeli.doc
MOODY, Adam (1996), “Reexamining Brain Drain from the Former Soviet Union”, The Nonproliferation Review, Spring-Summer, pp. 92-97.
OCDE (1995), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S & T Canberra Manual. París: OCDE.
ORLOVA, I., Y. STRELTSOVA y E. SKVORTSOVA (1994), “Contemporary Migration Processes in Rusia”, Refuge, vol. 14, Núm. 2, pp. 1-17.
PIRET, Anne, Jean NIZET y Etienne BOURGEOIS (1996), L’analyse structural. Une méthode d’analyse de contenu pour les sciences humaines. Bruselas: Bélgica, DeBoeck Université
PISKUNOV, Dmitrij y Valerij LEN’Å IN (1992), “The Choice Facing Russian Science: Partnership or Brain Drain”, Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, vol. 2, Núm. 3, pp. 123-133.
Programa de Apoyo a la Ciencia en México PACIME (1991). México: CONACyT.
RABKIN, Yakov y Elena MIRSKAYA (1993), “Science and Scientists in the Post-Soviet Disunion”, Social Science Information, vol. 32, Núm. 4, pp. 553-579.
RYBAKOVSKY, Leonid y Sergey RYAZANTSEV (2005), International Migration in the Russian federation. United Nations (UN), New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
SHEVTSOVA, Lilia (1992), “Post-Soviet Emigration, Today and Tomorrow”, International Migration Review, vol. 26, Núm. 98, pp. 241-257.
SIMANOVSKY, Stanislav, Margarita STREPETOVA y Yuriy NAIDO (1996), Drain Drain from Russia. Problems, Prospects, and Ways of Regulation. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
STREPETOVA, Margareta (1995), The Brain Drain in Russia. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
UNESCO (1994), Brain Drain Issues in Europe: Cases of Russia and Ukraine. Technical Report no. 18, Regional Office for Science and Technology for Europe (ROSTE).
UMAÑA, Mayra (2015), Del este de Europa, al sur de América. Migraciones soviéticas y postsoviéticas a la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Santander, Colombia: Universidad del Rosario, Tesis de Maestría.
YARSIKE, Deborah y Theodore GERBER (2005), “Russian Scientists and Rogue States. Does Western Assistance Reduce the Proliferation Threat?”, International Security, vol. 29, Núm. 4, pp. 50-77.
BERTAUX, Daniel (2005), Los relatos de vida. Perspectiva etnosociológica. Barcelona: Bellaterra.
CAMILLERI, Carmel (1999), “Identité et gestión de la disparité culturelle: essai d´une typologie” (85-110). En: Carmel Camilleri, Joseph Kastersztein, Edmond Marc Lipiansky, Hanna Malewska-Peyre, Isabelle Taboada-Leonetti y Ana Vasquez (eds.), Stratégies identitaires. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
DUBAR, Claude (2002), La crisis de las identidades. La interpretación de una mutación. Barcelona: Ediciones Balleterra.
FORTES, Jacqueline y Larissa LOMNITZ (1991), La formación del científico en México. Adquiriendo una nueva identidad. México: Siglo XXI.
GANGULI, Ina (2014), “Scientific Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation after the End of the Soviet Union”, International Migration, vol. 52, pp. 95”“110.
GENOV, Nikolai (2007), Brain Drain from Eastern Europe? What We Know About and What Not? Workshop EU Enlargement and the Labor Markets, Bonn, September 7-8, pp. 1-13.
GOGOL, Nikolay y Valeri KUCHEROV (1994), “Rusia: la ciencia está mal pero… los científicos no se apresuran a emigrar”, Ciencia y Desarrollo CONACyT, vol. XX, Núm. 115, pp.88-90.
GOKHBERG, Leonid y Elena NEKIPELOVA (2002), “International Migrations of Scientists and Engineers in Russia”, International Mobility of the Highly Skilled, Paris: OCDE, pp. 177-187.
GRAHAM, Loren (1998), What Have We Learned About Science and Technology From the Russian Experience? Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
GRAHAM, Loren e Irina DEZHINA (2008), Science in the New Russia. Crisis, Aid, Reform. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
IVAKHNYUK, Irina (2006), “Brain Drain from Russia: in Search for a Solution”, Reports and Analyses vol.15, Núm. 06, pp. 1-14.
AUTOR/A
KASTERSZTEIN, Joseph (1999), “Les stratégies identitaries des acteurs sociaux: aproche dynamique des finalités” (27-41). En: Carmel Camilleri, Joseph Kastersztein, Edmond Marc Lipiansky, Hanna Malewska-Peyre, Isabelle Taboada-Leonetti y Ana Vasquez, Stratégies identitaires. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
KOJEVNIKOV, Alexei (2004), Stalin’s Great science. The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists. London: Imperial College Press.
KUDIMOV, Yuriy (1992), “Russian Physicists Working in Latin America”, Novoye Vremya, Núm. 9, pp. 26-27.
LATOVA, Natalia y Vladimir SAVINKOV (2012), “The Influence of Academic Migration on the Intellectual Potential of Russia”, European Journal of Education, vol. 47, Núm. 1, pp. 64-76.
MASSERONI, Susana y Cecilia FRAGA (2014), “Migración hacia América Latina: el caso de Argentina” (259-280). En: Susana Masseroni y Cristina Pizzonia (Coords.), De la ex URSS hacia todos los lugares. Distintas dimensiones del proceso migratorio: países de origen y de destino. México: UAM.
MINDELI, Levan (s/f) Russian R&D in Transition. Recuperado de www.redhucyt.oas.org/ricyt/interior/biblioteca/mindeli.doc
MOODY, Adam (1996), “Reexamining Brain Drain from the Former Soviet Union”, The Nonproliferation Review, Spring-Summer, pp. 92-97.
OCDE (1995), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S & T Canberra Manual. París: OCDE.
ORLOVA, I., Y. STRELTSOVA y E. SKVORTSOVA (1994), “Contemporary Migration Processes in Rusia”, Refuge, vol. 14, Núm. 2, pp. 1-17.
PIRET, Anne, Jean NIZET y Etienne BOURGEOIS (1996), L’analyse structural. Une méthode d’analyse de contenu pour les sciences humaines. Bruselas: Bélgica, DeBoeck Université
PISKUNOV, Dmitrij y Valerij LEN’Å IN (1992), “The Choice Facing Russian Science: Partnership or Brain Drain”, Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, vol. 2, Núm. 3, pp. 123-133.
Programa de Apoyo a la Ciencia en México PACIME (1991). México: CONACyT.
RABKIN, Yakov y Elena MIRSKAYA (1993), “Science and Scientists in the Post-Soviet Disunion”, Social Science Information, vol. 32, Núm. 4, pp. 553-579.
RYBAKOVSKY, Leonid y Sergey RYAZANTSEV (2005), International Migration in the Russian federation. United Nations (UN), New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
SHEVTSOVA, Lilia (1992), “Post-Soviet Emigration, Today and Tomorrow”, International Migration Review, vol. 26, Núm. 98, pp. 241-257.
SIMANOVSKY, Stanislav, Margarita STREPETOVA y Yuriy NAIDO (1996), Drain Drain from Russia. Problems, Prospects, and Ways of Regulation. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
STREPETOVA, Margareta (1995), The Brain Drain in Russia. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
UNESCO (1994), Brain Drain Issues in Europe: Cases of Russia and Ukraine. Technical Report no. 18, Regional Office for Science and Technology for Europe (ROSTE).
UMAÑA, Mayra (2015), Del este de Europa, al sur de América. Migraciones soviéticas y postsoviéticas a la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Santander, Colombia: Universidad del Rosario, Tesis de Maestría.
YARSIKE, Deborah y Theodore GERBER (2005), “Russian Scientists and Rogue States. Does Western Assistance Reduce the Proliferation Threat?”, International Security, vol. 29, Núm. 4, pp. 50-77.
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2018-08-25
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Izquierdo, I. (2018). PROCESSO MIGRATÓRIO, IDENTIDADE E TRABALHO ACADÊMICO DE UM GRUPO DE CIENTISTAS DA EX-URSS NO MÉXICO. Périplos: Revista De Estudos Sobre Migrações, 2(1). Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/obmigra_periplos/article/view/21228
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